Inversion
If the sentence starts with An adverb, we follow this structure in the case of inversion.
Adverb + Auxiliary verb + Subject + main verb .
Examples
1. Seldom he gets up with the lark. (incorrect)
2. Seldom does he get up with the lark. (correct)
3. Never I shall call you again. (incorrect)
4. Never shall I call you again. (correct)
5. No sooner I put my phone into my pocket than It started ringing. (incorrect)
6. No sooner had I put my phone into my pocket than It started ringing. (correct)
7. So quickly she got dressed that she left the phone at her home. (incorrect)
8. So quickly did she get dressed that she left the phone at her home. (correct)
Use of Too and Very
Rule:- 1. Too is used in the negative sense while very is used in the positive sense.
Too bad, too difficult, too terrible, too wicked etc .
Very smart, very beautiful, very good, very nice etc .
Examples
1. He is too smart. (incorrect)
2. He is very smart. (correct)
Note- Too is also used with the positive words to indicates more than required.
Examples
1. She is too beautiful. (means She is awkwardly beautiful)
2. He is too tall. (means He is awkwardly tall )
3. This question paper is too tough. (means the question paper is so tough that we can not pass)
4. This question paper is very tough. ( means question paper is tough but we can pass)
Rule:- 2. If an infinitive comes after adjective we always use too.
Too + Adjective (+ve/-ve) + infinitive (to + V 1st)
Examples
1. This news is very good to be true. (incorrect)
2. This news is too good to be true. (correct)
3. This soup is very cold for him to eat. (incorrect)
4. This soup is too cold for him to eat. (correct)
Use of so and very
Rule:-1. So can not be used in the absolute sense . (means in the place of very)
Examples
1. She is so beautiful. (incorrect)
2. She is very beautiful. (correct)
3. He is so handsome. (incorrect)
4. He is very handsome. (correct)
Rule:-2. In the structure of So………..that, we can not use very or too.
Examples
1. She very/ too poor that she can not buy a car. (incorrect)
2. She so poor that she can not buy a car. (correct)
3. This news is very/too good that It can not be true. (incorrect)
4. This news is so good that It can not be true. (correct)
5. It was so hot that we can not go out of the house. (use could not in the place of can not)
Note- If the 1st sentence is in present tense, use “can not” And if the 1st sentence is in past tense, use “could not”
Very and Much
Rule:-1. Very is used before positive degree while much is used before comparative degree of an adjective.
Very good, very, innocent, very nice etc .
Much better, much luckier, much wiser, much more intelligent etc .
Examples
1. She must be very luckier than you. (incorrect)
2. She must be much luckier than you. (incorrect)
Note- Very much is also used before comparative degree of an adjective.
Very much better, very much wiser, very much hotter etc .
Example
1. He is very much faster than his brother.
Rule:-2. Very is used before present participle while much is used before past participle.
Very interesting, Very boring, very confusing, very daring etc .
Much surprised, much annoyed, much admired, much grieved etc .
1. They were very surprised at my answers. (incorrect)
2. They were much surprised at my answers. (correct)
Exception-
Very tired, very dejected, very contented, very discontented, very pleased, very drunk, very limited, very delighted etc .
Rule:-3. Very and much are also used to emphasize a superlative degree.
Structure
1. very + superlative degree .
2. Much + the + superlative degree .
1. If you want further information the very best thing to do is, have a word with the driver as you get on the bus.
2. This is not much the best place to live If you wish to develop your knowledge and love of mountains.
Use of Enough
Enough means ‘sufficient’ It is used before a noun as an adjective and after an adjective as an adverb.
1. Enough + Noun.
2. Adjective + Enough.
Examples
1. She is enough gorgeous to attract the young. (incorrect)
2. She is gorgeous enough to attract the young. (correct)
3. He has money enough to buy a car. (incorrect)
4. He has enough money to buy a car. (correct)
Use of too much and much too
Both too much and much too mean ‘ more than necessary’ they are followed by a noun and adjective respectively.
1. Too much + Noun
2. Much too + adjective
Examples
1. She did not give him much too attention at the party. (incorrect)
2. She did not give him too much attention at the party. (correct)
3. His condition was too much pathetic. (incorrect)
4. His condition was much too pathetic. (correct)
Use of fairly and rather
Rule:-1. Fairly is used in the positive sense while rather is used in the negative sense.
• Fairly wise, fairly beautiful, fairly hot etc.
• Rather cold, rather bad, rather difficult etc.
Examples
1. The tea is fairly hot.
2. It is rather cold today.
Rule:-2. Rather is also used to indicate more than required.
Examples
1. The coffee is rather hot. (means coffee is so hot that we can not sip)
2. The coffee is fairly hot. (means coffee is very hot but we can sip)
Rule:-3. Rather is also used with comparative degree of an adjective.
Rather worse, rather hotter, rather colder etc.
Examples
1. Today’s weather is rather colder today than Yesterday’s.
Rule:-4. Rather is also used in the case of preference.
Examples
1. Rather than going to Shimla, he went to Goa.
2. She would rather die than starve.
Use of hard and hardly
Hard Hardly
(With great effort) (rarely/almost not)
Examples
1. He labour hardly to land a job. (incorrect)
2. He labour hard to land a job. (correct)
3. He hardly helps anyone. (correct)
Use of Loudly and Aloud
• Both loudly and aloud are adverbs but they have different meaning.
Loudly- In a high pitch/volume.
Aloud- Audibly/ that can be heard.
Examples
1. Please read the passage aloud, I am unable to hear you.
2. She was speaking loudly and angrily.
Use of Recently and Lately
Both recently and lately mean ‘ in recent time/ not long ago’
Recently- It is used in both present perfect and simple past tense.
Lately- It is used only in present perfect tense.
Examples
1. Have you visited Nainital recently/ lately? ( Correct)
2. RBI opened a new branch in Lucknow Lately. (use recently instead of lately)
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