NOUN - EXERCISE (part-8)

Directions(Q.1-50): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error or idiomatic error in it. The error if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is “No error” the answer is ‘D’.(Ignore errors of punctuation if any.) 

1-All his sister-in -laws (a)are extremely helpful (b)yet he does not miss them at all (c)no error(d)

2-Envy strikes a girl (a)when she sees her (b)boyfriend talk to another girl(c)no error(d)

3- Two summons have been(a) issued by the court but he has(b) not given his presence yet (c)no error(d)

4-She is among those woman (a)who received a bravery award not by chance(b)but by their courage and boldness(c)no error(d)

5-Sheeps are(a) reared for wool (b)and meat(c)no error(d)

6-he will not go to play(a)cricket today since he(b) has many work to do(c)no error(d)

7-you should be true(a) to your words if you want to get(b) respect from others(c)no error(d)

8-According to one official more(a) than five hundreds people (b)have been arrested(c)no error(d)

9-Hundred of people(a)have been killed and thousands(b) were made homeless(c)no error(d)

10-Fan’s blade is making (a)a creaking noise, it should be replaced(b) by the new one(c) no error(d)

                  Solutions

1. (a) drop‘s’ from laws and use ‘sisters’. while making plural of compound  nouns, we use ‘s’ in the main word.

2. (a) replace ‘envy’ with ‘ jealousy’ because envy means ‘desire to get sth. /sb that is in someone else’s possession and jealousy means ‘fear of losing sth/sb that is in your possession.

3. (a) replace ‘summons’ by summonses as after two, plural noun should be used.

4. (a) use ‘women’ because we use plural noun after those.

5. (a)It should be ‘sheep’ because sheep remains the same both in the singular and plural form

6. (c) Replace ‘many’ by much because work is uncountable and many is used with countable noun.

7. (a)It should be ‘true to your word. It’s a phrase.

8. (b) It should be ‘hundred’ because when numeral adjectives (2,3,4 etc)  come before hundred, thousand etc ,they are always used in the singular form.

9. (a) use ‘hundreds’ , if numeral adjectives don't come before hundred, thousand etc, they are always used in the plural form.

10. (a) It should be ‘the blade of the fan’. Because we don’t use apostrophe (‘s) with non living things.

Questions

11-She was wearing spectacle(a) to kill everyone at(b) the party last night(c)error(d)

12-Having sold all(a) the furnitures, he left the city (b)bag and baggage(c)no error(d)

13-The angry mob attacked the driver (a)who was trying to abscond from the scene(b) after running over a child(c) no error(d)

 14-He left his luggages(a) in the bus and boarded(b)the train for Delhi(c) no error(d)

15-Having met with an accident(a) he put his car in back gears(b) and drove on fast(c) no error(d)

16-No sooner had he reached the station(a) than he went to the ticket window(b) to take a ticket for Delhi(c) no error(d)

17-Without reading carefully(a) you should not put your sign(b) on any paper(c)no error(d)

18-Othello was written by Shakespeare(a) who was one of the most talented(b) writer of London(c) no error(d)

 19-the station was piling up with (a)a lot of people and there(b) was no space to stand(c)no error(d)

20-He was sentenced to death(a) as all the evidences were(b) against him(c) no error(d)

Solutions

11. (a) It should be ‘spectacles’ because ‘spectacle’ means ‘sight’.

12. (b)Use ‘furniture’ because It can not be in the plural form.

13. (a) Don’t use angry before ‘mob’ because mob means ‘angry people’.

14. (a) It should be ‘luggage’.

15. (b) Use ‘gear’.

16. (b) Replace ‘ticket window’ by ‘ticket counter’.

17. (b) Replace ‘sign’ by signature because ‘sign’ means symbol.

18. (c) It should be ‘writers’ .We use plural noun after ‘one of’ for example- one of the boys was present in the class yesterday.

19. (c) Replace ‘space’ by ‘room’ because space is used for a very small place while for standing, sitting and sleeping we use ‘room’.

20. (b) It should be ‘evidence was’.

Questions

21-His cousin brother was cheated (a)by a cheater in the train(b) on the way to Delhi(c) no error(d)

22-After considering pros and cons of the matter(a)the judge came to the final conclusion (b)that the prisoner should be absolved(c) no error(d)

23-The building in which(a) I have lived for five years(b) is made of stones(c) no error(d)

24-He not only preaches(a) but also practises (b)because he is a man of principals(c) no error(d)

25-My brother told me (a)that he went to(b) my friend’s Johan’s school the previous day(c) no error(d)

26-I have read (a)pages after pages (b)of this novel several times(c)no error(d)

27-Inspite of taking pain(a)over his work(b) he could not get a job(c)no error(d)

28-The poet has described (a)the beauty of the nature(b) in his poetries(c) no error(d)

29-He spent a fruitless 10 minutes(a) walking up and down the street desperately(b) and avoiding eye contact with passer-bys(c) no error(a)

30-he has landed a job(a) by means of hard work and now he is enjoying it(b) as he has administration ability(c) no error(d)

Solutions

21. (a) Cousin brother/ sister is incorrect, so use only ‘cousin’.

22. (b) We don’t use ‘final’ before conclusion, so It should be ‘conclusion or final decision’.

23. (c) It should be ‘stone’.

24. (c) ‘Principal’ should be replaced by ‘principles’.

25. (c) Two apostrophe (‘s) can not be used together, so It should be my friend, John’s school.

26. (b) use ‘page after page’ because the same noun that is used before and after a preposition should be in the singular form.

27. (a) It should be ‘take pains’ means- "to work hard".

28. (c) It should be ‘poetry’.

29. (c) Use ‘passers-by’

30. (c) It should be ‘administrative ability’ because two nouns can not come together.

Questions

31-In 1989 the price of the coffee fell so low (a)that in many countries It did not cover(b) the costs of the production(c) no error(d)

32-The food of a five-stars-hotel (a)can never be compared with(b)that of an ordinary hotel(c)no error(d)

33-Some old equipments(a) should be replaced with the new one(b) to perform the task(c) no error(d)

34-If you want to get strong breeze(a)you should get up (b)at the crack of dawn(c) no error(d)

35-The patient was advised(a) by a doctor to take three spoonsful (b)of the cough syrup twice a day(c) no error(c)

36- I think he has made(a) a big blunder by announcing(b)it ahead of time(c) no error(d)

37-Having received two important informations(a) from a layman the police started (b)looking into the case(c) no error (d)

38-The population of India has been (a) divided into two categories(b) haves and haves-not(c) no error(d)

39- You know it well (a)that mistake is not only from my end(b) but also by somebody else(c) no error (d)

40- He apprised me that he had gone (a)to one of the colleague’s houses and (b)spend there five hours(c)no error(d)

Solutions

31. (c) ‘Cost’ is uncountable, so It should be singular.

32. (a)It should be ‘star’. See explanation of question no. 8

33. (a) It should be ‘equipment’.

34. (a) Breeze is always gentle, so remove strong before it.

35. (b) The plural of ‘spoonful’ is ‘spoonfuls’.

36. (b) Remove ‘big’ before ‘blunder’.

37. (a) It should be ‘two important pieces of information’.

38. (a) It should be ‘haves and have-nots’.

39. (c) Use somebody else’s.

40. (b) use " the house of one of the colleagues ".

 

Questions

41-One of my students find (a)it difficult to get a job(b) in this rat race competition(c)no error (d)

42- One of my students who find it(a) difficult to land a job in(b) this cut-throat competition, work very hard(c) no error(d)

 43- She stays in a five stars hotel(a) and travels by air she ought (b)to be a rich girl(c)no error(d)

44-He covers (a) a two miles distance daily (b) to attend his classes(c) no error(d)

45-The poet describes (a) the beauty of the nature (b) in his poetries(c) no error(d)

46- He is among those luckiest person (a) who derived pleasure not by (b) chance but by helping others(c)no error(d)

47- Having completed graduation (a) two third of the total students(b) start preparing for competitive exams(C) no error(d)

48- She washes her hairs (a)every night and uses a fine quality of (b)shampoo to make it look attractive(c)no error(d)

49- The brethrens of this locality (a)are at daggers- drawn without any(b) apparent reason(c)no error(d)

50- Lakhs of thousands(a) of crores of rupees have been spent on food and (b)children’s education this year(c) no error(d)

Solutions

41. (d) use " finds" because subject is "one".

42. (c) Use ‘works very hard’ because subject is ‘one of my students’.

43. (a) Use ‘star’. For more details. see explanation no. 8

44. (b) use’ mile’.

45. Use " poetry".

46. (a) Use ‘persons’ we use plural noun after ‘those’.

47. (b) Use ‘two thirds’.

48. (a) Hair is uncountable, so It should be in the singular form.

49. (a) Drop ‘s’ from brethren because it is plural of brother.

50. (a) It should be in the ascending order like ‘thousands of lakhs of crores’.

NOUN- CASE ( part-7)

Rule 1:-  “  ’S ”is added in the noun to make possessive case.

Examples

1. Johan’s pen is red.

2. The boy’s bag is very nice.

3. This girl’s hair is curly.

Rule 2:- If the noun ends in ‘s’ , only apostrophe( ’ ) is used to make possessive case.

Examples

1. The boys’s car is running fast. (incorrect)

2. The boys’ car is running fast.

3. This man’s bakery is at the left of the road.

4. These men’s bakery is at the right of the road.

5. She has completed graduation from women’ college. ( use- women’s college)

Note- If the nouns are plural and do not end in ‘ s ’ , we use “ ’s ” to make their possessive case as in the 4th and 5th sentences.

Rule 3:- When too many hissing sounds come, we use only apostrophe ( ’ ) to make possessive case.

Examples

1. For peace’ sake.  

 

2. For conscience’ sake.   

    

3. For goodness’ sake.

4. For justice’ sake.    

 

5. For Jesus’ sake.       

          

6. Moses’ laws.

Rule 4:-‘ Of ’is used to make the possessive case of non-living things.

Examples

1. Chair’s legs are broken. (incorrect)

2. The legs of the chair are broken.

 ( Correct)

Rule 5:-If two nouns are closely connected to each other, we add “ ’s ” in the latter one.

Examples

1. Zaid and Zahid’s factory.

2. Kareem and Saleem’s wedding.

Rule 6 :- When we have to show possession for two or more closely connected nouns separately , ’s is added in each noun.

Examples

1. Milton’s and Shakespeare’s poems.

2. Thomas Hardy’s and Prem Chandra’s dramas.

Rule 7:- With compound nouns, ’s is added in the last word.

Examples

1. Father’s-in-law daughter. (incorrect) 

2. Father-in-law’s daughter. (correct)

3. Sister-in-law’s son. (correct)

Rule 8:- With some indefinite pronouns , we use ’s to make possessive case .

Everybody, somebody, nobody, anybody, anyone, someone, no one, etc.

Example

1. He has stolen somebody’s book.

Rule 9:- Don’t use ’s with these indefinite pronouns.

Something, nothing, anything, everything, etc

Examples

1. Everything’s beauty will fade with the passage of time. (incorrect)

2. The beauty of everything will fade with the passage of time.(correct)

Rule 10:- Don’t make possessive of all, both, many, each, either, neither, etc. by adding ’s.

Examples

1. Each’s house is beautiful.(incorrect)

2. The house of each is beautiful.(correct)

Rule 10:- ’s can be used with each other and one another.

Example

1. Each boy and each girl was holding one another’s hands.

Rule 11:- ’s  is also used with some popular idioms and phrases.

Examples

1. At one’s wit’s end.   

2. At one’s finger’s tips. 

3. To one’s heart’s content.   

   

4. At a stone’s throw.

5. At arm’s length.  

       

6. The car’s design.      

   

7. The ship’s crew.

NOUN- NUMBER ( part- 6 )

  

Noun-Number (singular-plural)

 1.  Singular noun:- A noun that denotes one person, place, thing, or animal.

Examples

Book, boy, building, tiger, etc.

2. Plural noun:- A noun that denotes more than one person, place, thing, or animal. 

Examples

Books, boys, buildings, tigers, etc.

There are following ways of making plural from singular noun.

1. Some nouns are formed plural by adding ‘s’ to the singular noun.

Singular noun         plural noun

Pen                            pens

Book                          books

Boy                            boys

Girl                            girls

2. If the nouns end in  “S, SH, CH, X, O”, the plural is made by adding ‘es’ to the singular.

Singular noun           Plural noun

Class                            classes

Match                          matches

Watch                          watches

Kiss                              kisses

Ass                               asses

Fox                               foxes

Mango                         mangoes

Buffalo                        buffaloes.

Dish                             dishes

Quiz                             quizzes

3. The nouns that ends in ‘Y’ and a consonant comes before them, then change ‘Y’ into ‘ ies’.

Singular noun              Plural noun

Country                          countries

City                                  cities

Story                                stories

Lady                                 ladies

Nursery                           nurseries

4. Nouns ending in ‘Y’ and preceded by a vowel , take ‘S’ to change into plural form.

Singular noun              Plural noun

Play                                plays

Toy                                  toys

Valley                             valleys

Monkey                         monkeys

Storey                            storeys

Day                                days

Donkey                         donkeys

Key                                keys

Chimney                      chimneys

5.  Nouns that end in ‘f/fe, we change ‘f/fe’ into ‘ves’ to make plural.

Singular noun           Plural noun

Wife                             wives

Thief                             thieves

Half                               halves

Self                                selves

Leaf                               leaves

Shelf                              shelves

Life                                 lives

Knife                              knives

Wolf                              wolves.

Exception-

Singular noun             Plural noun

Chief                             chiefs                                

Belief                             beliefs

Cliff                               cliffs

Dwarf                           dwarfs

Handkerchief             handkerchiefs

Hoof                              hoofs

Roof                               roofs

Safe                                safes

Cafe                               cafes

6. while making plural of compound nouns, ‘S’ is added to the main/head word.

Singular noun            Plural noun

Brother-in-law           Brothers-in-law                                          

Commander-in-chief commanders-in-chief

 Passer-by                   Passers-by

Son-in-law                  Sons-in-law

Daughter-in-law       Daughters-in-law

Step-mother              Step-mothers

Looker-on              Lookers-on

Hanger-on                 Hangers-on

Maid-servant            Maid-servants

Court-martial            Courts-martial

Knight-errant            Knights-errant

Major-general           Major-generals

Spend-thrift              Spend-thrifts

Pick-pocket              Pick-pockets

Pea-hen                      Pea-hens

Peacock                      Peacocks

Member of parliament      Members of parliament

Man hater                  Man haters

Woman lover            Woman lovers

Man lover                  Man lovers.

7. In some cases inner vowels are changed while making plural.

Singular noun            Plural noun

Man                              Men

Woman                        women

 

Dormouse                   dormice

Foot                                feet

Goose                             geese

Mouse                            mice

Tooth                              teeth

Louse                              lice

8. Some nouns that end in ‘um’ ,their plurals are made by replacing ‘ um’ by ‘a’.

Singular noun               Plural noun

Stadium                          stadia

Podium                           podia

Agendum                        agenda

Bacterium                      bacteria

Memorandum               memoranda

Ovum                              ova

Datum                             data

Dictum                            dicta

Stratum                           strata

Sanatorium                    sanatoria

Medium                           media

Corrigendum                  corrigenda

Crematorium                  Crematoria

Maximum                        maxima

Minimum                         minima

Momentum                      Momenta

Exception-

Singular noun               Plural noun

Album                             albums

Mausoleum                    mausoleums

Forum                              forums

Premium                         premiums

Museum                          museums

Auditorium                     auditoriums

Aquarium                        aquariums

Curriculum                     curriculums

Asylum                            asylums

Decorum                         decorums

Petroleum                       petroleums

Pendulum                       pendulums

Euphonium                    euphoniums

9. Plurals forms are given of some nouns 

Singular noun                  Plural noun

(a)  

        

Radius                                       radii 

Syllabus                                    syllabi

Bacillus                                     bacilli

(b)

Analysis                                   analyses

Crisis                                        crises

Hypothesis                              hypotheses

Basis                                         bases

Thesis                                      theses

Oasis                                        oases

Parenthesis                            parentheses

Narcosis                                  narcoses

Diagnosis                                diagnoses

Synthesis                                syntheses

Synopsis                                 synopses

(c)

Criterion                                criteria

Phenomenon                        phenomena

Locus                                      loci

Focus                                      foci

NOUN- Gender( part-5)

                                         

 Gender has been divided into four categories.

1. Masculine gender:- A noun that

denotes male sex.

Examples

Boy, father, brother, Zaid, Saleem, etc.

2.Feminine gender:- A noun that denotes female sex.

Examples

Girl, mother, sister, Fatima, Nagma, etc.

3. Common gender:- A noun that denotes either male or female .

Examples

Doctor, teacher, student, engineer, singer, dancer, etc.

4. Neuter gender:- A noun that denotes a thing that is neither male nor female.

Examples

Pen, book, house, bottle, table, chair, etc.

Rule 1:- The masculine gender is often applied to the nouns associated with 

 Strength, violence and Courage.

The sun, summer, winter, time, death.

Examples

1.The sun was shining on the sea with all its might. (use- his)

2. Time itself heals all the wound. (use- himself)

3. Death completes its course, no one can stop it, (use- his & him )

Rule 2:- The feminine gender is applied to the nouns associated with   Beauty, Gentleness, Softness.

The moon, the earth, spring, autumn, nature, liberty, justice, mercy, peace, hope, charity, ship, virtue, fortune, truth, pity.

Examples

1. Spring brings a lot of joy and hope with itself. (use- herself)

2. The ship lost all its boats in the cyclone. (use- her )

Rule 3:- Rules for making feminine gender from masculine gender.

1. Some nouns are changed into feminine gender by adding ‘ ess ’.

Masculine gender      Feminine gender

Author                          authoress

Baron                            baroness

Giant                             giantess

Heir                               heiress

Host                               hostess

Jew                                jewess

Lion                               lioness

Manager                      manageress

Mayor                           mayoress

Patron                          patroness

Peer                              peeress

Poet                              poetess

Priest                           priestess

Prophet                       prophetess

Shepherd                    shepherdess

Steward                       stewardess

Tutor                            tutoress

Tailor                           tailoress.

2. In some nouns the last vowel is dropped from the masculine gender and ‘ess ‘ is added.

Masculine gender       Feminine gender

Conductor                     conductress

Benefactor                    benefactress

Actor                              actress

Enchanter                     enchantress

Founder                         foundress

Hunter                            huntress

Instructor                       instructress

Negro                              negress

Abbot                              abbess

Duke                               duchess

Emperor                        empress

Preceptor                      preceptress

Prince                            princess

Songster                        songstress

Tempter                        tempress

Seamster                       seamstress

Tiger                               tigress

Traitor                            traitress

Waiter                            waitress

Master                            mistress

Murderer                       murderess

Sorcerer                         sorceress

3. By exchanging a word before or after.

Masculine gender          Feminine gender

Grandfather                    grandmother

Great-uncle                     great-aunt

Manservant                     maidservant

Landlord                          landlady

Milkman                          milk woman

Peacock                            pea hen

Salesman                         saleswoman

Washer man                   washerwoman

Brother-in-law                sister-in-law

Duck rabbit                     doe rabbit

He bear                            she bear

Jack ass                             jenny ass

Head master                   head mistress

Step father                      step mother

He-goat                            she goat

Cock-sparrow                hen sparrow

Dog-wolf                         bitch wolf

Bull-calf                          cow-calf

4. There are some nouns that do not change in accordance with any special rule from male to female.

 

Masculine gender       Feminine gender

 

Hero                               heroine

Testator                         testatrix

Czar                               czarina

Sultan                            sultana

Signor                            signora

Fox                                  vixen

Administrator              administratrix

Executor                        executrix

Lad                                  lass

Prosecutor                     prosecutrix

Boar                                sow

Colt                                  filly   

                   

Earl                                  countess

Monk                               nun

Gander                            goose

Hart                                  roe

Horse                               mare

King                                 queen

Man                                 woman

Mr.                                   miss

Sheep                              ewe

Son                                  daughter

Ox                                    cow

Bachelor                         maid                            

Drone                              bee

Drake                              duck

Bull                                  cow     

   

Bridegroom                   bride

Gentleman                     lady

Husband                        wife

Lord                                 lady

Nephew                          niece

Sir                                    madam   

widower                        widow

Wizard                          witch

5. Some important collective nouns.

A crowd of people

A herd of cattle

A group of students

A cluster/galaxy/constellation of stars.

A gang of robbers/labourers

A swarm of ants

A bundle of clothes

A flock of birds/sheep/geese

A jury of judges

A chain of mountains

A band of musicians

A volley of stones/shots/arrows/missiles

A heap of sand

A bunch of keys/grapes

A fleet of Ships

A choir of singers

A lock of hair

A bevy of ladies

A pair of shocks/shoes/trousers

A board of directors/examiners

A packet of cigarettes

A crew of sailors/boatmen

A mob of rioters

Common Mistakes in Noun ( Part-4)

Some Common Mistakes in the usage of noun

 Incorrect                             Correct

Ticket window           Ticket counter

Family members       Members of the family

English teacher         The teacher of English

Reasoning teacher The teacher of reasoning

English faculty          The faculty of English

Cousin brother/sister           Cousin

Boarding                         Boarding house

Lecturership                  Lectureship

Fastly                               Fast

Picket-pocketer              Picket- pocket

Cooker (chef)                 Cook

Big blunder                    Blunder/ big mistake

Proudy                            Proud

According to me           in my opinion .  

            

 

Rule10:- If the same noun comes before and after a preposition, the noun will be in the singular form.

       Wrong                                    Right

Words for words                word for word

Doors to doors                    door to door

Pages after pages               page after page

Cars after cars                    car after car

Towns after towns            town after town

Examples

1. He has read the whole novel page after page.☑️

2. She narrated the whole incident word for word.☑️

3. Car after car turned turtle in an accident last night.☑️

Rule 11:- Some nouns have two forms for the plural, each with a different meaning.

     Singular                    plural

          

1. Brother         1-   Brothers means - sons of                                    the same parents

                            2-  Brethren means-                                                  members of a society                    

2. Cloth              1- Cloths means- pieces of  

                                cloths

                            2- Clothes means- garments

3. Index             1- Indexes means- contents

                            2- Indices means- signs used                                  in Algebra

4. Quarter        1- Quarters means- one                                          fourth

                           2- Quarters means-  

                                Residence/ house

Examples

1- he returns to his quarters at 6 pm everyday.☑️ ( Quarters means- house)

2- The result of the previous quarter of the company is very poor. ☑️ ( Quarter means- one fourth)

Rule 12:- Some nouns have quite different meaning in the plural.

Singular                            plural

Air means- atmosphere  Airs means-  proud

Good- well-being         Goods- merchandise

 

Respect- regard          Respects- compliments

Physic- medicine       Physics-  science

Iron- metal                  Irons- chains, fetters

Force- strength           Forces-  army

Wood- timber             Woods-  forest

Water- liquid              Waters-  ocean

Advice- counsel          Advices-  information

Some Important Rules Of Noun( part-3)

  

      Some important rules of noun

Rule 1:- Collective nouns are generally used in the singular form with the neuter gender pronoun.

Example

1. Peter had a flock of sheep and he kept a herdsman for his maintenance. (use - its)

Rule 2:-  Sometimes collective nouns can be used as both singular and plural according to the need as below.

Example

1. The jury were unanimous in their opinion. (incorrect)

2. The jury was unanimous in its opinion.  (correct)

Explanation

Both verb and pronoun should be in the singular form because the jury indicates unity.

 

Examples 

3. The jury was divided in its opinions. (incorrect)

4.The jury were divided in their opinions. (correct)

5.The committee has decided the matter without leaving its seats.(incorrect)

6. The committee have decided the matter without leaving their seats. (correct)

Note

Both verb and pronoun will be in the plural form as the jury and the committee indicate individuals.

Rule 3:- when we make use of a common gender noun, preference is given to the masculine gender ( he, him, his)

 Doctor, Singer, Dancer, Writer, Reader, Player etc.

Example

 1. The doctor gave an injection to her patient to alleviate the pain   (use- his)

Rule 4:-Some nouns are used in the singular form with the plural verb because they look like singular but give the meaning of plural.

 People, cattle, poultry, clergy, children, vermin, peasantry, gentry, cavalry, infantry, artillery and police.

Examples

1. Police is also looking for the second can. (use- are)

2. Poultry lays eggs and is used for food to a great extent. (use – lay & are)

3.Cattle is grazing in the meadow. (use- are)

Rule 5:-Some nouns are always used in  singular form with  singular verb.

Scenery, poetry, luggage, furniture, work, advice, information, equipment, bread, food, baggage, homage, percentage, crockery, jewellery, stationery, machinery, hair etc. 

The abvove nouns are uncountable therefore A, An, many, few, a number of, a great number of and numeral adjectives( one, two, three etc.) do not come before them.

Examples

1. The sceneries of Goa is arresting. (use- scenery)

2. William Wordsworth has described the beauty of the nature in his poetries. ( use- poetry)

3. Most foreign nations have left the country on the advices of their governments. (use- advice )

Note-

 These noun can never be used in the plural, their plural forms are made by using piece of, kind of, article of, slice of, strand of, a type of, a bit of, a lot of, lots of.

Examples 

1. she went to college to get informations. (use-a piece of/some information )

2He bought many furnitures for his house. (use- many types of furniture)

3. I take breads as breakfast in the morning. (use- some slices of bread)

4. Many people have hairs on their chests. (use- a lot of/lots of hair)

Note-

If any  numeral adjective comes before hair, it can be used in the plural form, or in a phrase.

Examples

1. his two hairs have grown grey.

2.Don’t waste time splitting hairs. (split hairs is a phrase, means- find fault)

Rule 6:- Some nouns are always used in the plural form with the singular verb because they are singular in meaning.

Economics, politics, physics, mathematics, ethics, summons, innings, mumps, measles, rickets, billiards, athletics, classics, news.

Examples

1. Politics are not my cup of tea. (use- is )

2. The next day he made the right decision and won the match by an inning. (use- innings)

3. She had received a summon to appear in court. (use- summons)

Note-

(i) When numeral adjective (2, 3, 4, 5, etc.) comes before innings, innings is used with the plural verb.

Example

(i).

 Three hundred innings has been played by Virendra Sehwag in O.D.I. till now.

 (use- have)

(ii)

 summon-   verb,

 summons-  singular noun

 Summonses -plural noun

Example

1. The court summoned him. ( Verb)

2. The court issued a summons to him. 

( Singular noun)

3. After having received a lot of summonses, he did not give his presence before the court. ( Plural noun)

Rule 7:- Some nouns are always used in plural form with plural verb.

Scissors, binoculars, alms, spectacles, belongings, tongs, pincers, bellows, trousers, pants, shorts, goggles, sunglasses, gallows, congratulations, lodgings, proceeds, regards, surroundings, thanks, wages, goods.

Examples

1. The proceeds was divided between them. (use- were)

2. The beggars were pullulated in the plaza and alms was given to them. ( use- were)

3. Where is your trousers? (use- are)

Note-

 Spectacle means   sight,/scenery / scene 

 Spectacles means   goggles, glasses.

Rule 8:- When a definite numeral adjective ( 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.) comes before these words and a noun after them, they are used in singular form.

Pair, score, dozen, metre, year, hundred thousand, million, billion, lakh, milliard.

Examples

1. She bought five dozens bananas. (use- dozen)

2. Fifty lakhs students have appeared in the examination this year. (use- lakh)

3. She gave me a five hundred rupee note.

 ( Means- one note of 5 hundred)

4. She gave me two five hundred rupee notes. ( Means- 2 notes )

Note-

 If numeral adjectives do not come before the above words, they will always come in the plural form.

Examples

1. Million of people are still living below the poverty line. (use- millions)

2. Thousand of persons die from cancer every year. ( use- thousands ) 

Rule 9:- Some nouns remain the same in both singular and plural form.

Sheep, deer, cod, salmon, fish, crew, team, jury, series, counsel.

Examples

1. The sheep was grazing in the meadow. 

( means - one sheep)

2. The sheep were grazing in the meadow. 

( means- more than one sheep)

3. A hunter was chasing five deers that were running toward the forest. ( use- deer)

Note-  Fish (singular) means-      one fish.

           Fish (plural.) Means     a lot of fish of the same types.

          Fishes (plural) means     a lot of fish of different types.

KINDS Of NOUN ( part-2)

                        Noun

Click the above link👆to watch the video

 Definition :- A noun is the  name of a person, place, thing, quality, state and action.

      Kinds Of Noun

• Basically noun has been divided into two categories.

1. Countable noun                        2.Uncountable noun

• Countable Noun :- It has been  divided into three categories.

1. Proper Noun:- John, Lucy, Lucknow, India, Asia etc.

2. Common Noun:- boy, girl, city, country, continent etc.

3. Collective Noun:- crowd, mob, jury, committee etc.

• Uncountable noun- It has been divided into two categories.

1-Material Noun:-  silver, gold wood, water etc.

2-Abstract Noun-It is divided into three categories.

i. Quality:-  brightness, kindness, darkness etc.

ii. State:-   childhood, youth, slavery etc.

iii. Action:- movement, hatred, laughter etc.

Exercise

1. Asoka was a wise king. 

2. A boy was playing with a ball.     

3. The French Army was defeated at waterloo. 

4. The jury found the prisoner guilty.    

5. A herd of cattle was passing through the jungle.

6. Honesty is the best policy.     

7. His father deals in gold and silver.

Answers

 1.  Asoka, French Army and  Waterloo are proper nouns.

 2. King, boy, ball, prisoner and jungle are common nouns.

3- Jury, a herd of cattle are collective nouns.

4- Honesty, policy are abstract nouns.

5- Gold , silver are material nouns.

NOUN ( part- 1)

Words ending in these letters come in the category of a noun.

I. ER- teacher, painter, baker, speaker, writer.

II. OR- tailor, sailor, tutor, inspector, instructor.

III. AR- beggar, scholar. 

IV. DOM- freedom, wisdom, boredom, kingdom.

V. HOOD- childhood, neighbourhood, brotherhood.

VI. NESS- kindness, mildness, softness, sweetness.

VII. SHIP- friendship, leadership, scholarship.

VIII. TH- health, growth, stealth, strength.

IX. AGE- bondage, marriage, luggage.

X. ANE- abundance, brilliance, assistance.

XI. ENE- excellence, innocence, independence.

XII. CY- fancy, accuracy, lunacy, bankruptcy.

XIII. ION- action, opinion, tuition, competition.

XIV. ICE- service, cowardice, practice.

XV. MENT- amendment, improvement, implement.

XVI. MONY- parsimony, hegemony, testimony.

XVII. URE- treasure, pleasure, furniture.

XVIII. Y- misery, victory, joy, story.

XIX.        ITY- ability, capability, capacity.