PRONOUN EXERCISE (Part-12)

                               

                   Pronoun

Directions(Q.1-50): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error or idiomatic error in it. The error if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is “No error” the answer is ‘E'.(Ignore errors of punctuation if any.) 

Questions

1-He claims to have (a) read Shakespeare’s all great tragedies (b) who is the greatest(c) playwright of English (d) no error.(e)

2-She was more (a) garrulous than (b) either of her(c) three sisters (d) no error.(e)

3- Sarita (a) being a sizzling hot girl (b) she gives the cold shoulder(c) to everyone (d) no error.(e)

4-Mine is (a) the same (b) condition(c) as your (d) no error. (e)

5-Having visited the Zoo (a) along with my friends yesterday (b) they went to their houses (c)and I came back to my (d) no error.(e)

6-He lent me some (a) money on the condition (b) that I would return the same(c) before examination (d) no error.(e)

7-There are (a) twelve laborious employees (b) and eight lazy one(c) in this company (d) no error.(e)

8- I ran across (a) John and she (b) on the road(c) yesterday (d) no error.(e)

9-The boy (a) whom we met at (b) the railway station last night (c) is a delightful speaker (d) no error. (e)

10-I get (a) to see several people in this park daily (b) but none of them(c) has come today (d) no error.(e)

Solutions

1. (b) Use ‘all great tragedies of Shakespeare’ because who is used for Shakespeare.

2. (c) Replace ‘Either’ by ‘Any’ because either is used for two persons or things.

3. (c) Remove ‘She’. It is superfluous.

4. (d) Replace ‘Your’ by ‘yours’ because we always need a noun after your.

5. (d) Replace ‘My’ by ‘Mine’ because we always need a noun after my.

6. (c) ‘Same’ should be replaced by ‘it’ because the same can not be used at the place of a noun.

7. (c) ‘One’ should be replaced by ‘ones’ because we use plural noun or pronoun after ‘two, three, four etc.

8. (b) Replace ‘She’ by ‘Her’ because John and her are objects in the sentence.

9. (b) Replace ‘Whom’ by ‘Who’ because it becomes subject of ‘is’.

10. (e) No error.

Questions

11-I don’t like (a) those who drag (b) me into any affair without any (c) rhyme or  reason (d)no error.(e)

12-The Board of directors (a) want all possible facilities (b) and allowances for (c) itself (d) no error.(e)

13-I and you (a) should leave (b)no stone unturned (c) to be successful in life (d)no error.(e)

14-Her way of (a)speaking is  (b) more impressive(c) than your (d) no error.(e)

15-Every man and (a) every woman is trying (b) their best to get the children(c) well educated (d) no error.(e)

16-The principal and (a) the teacher (b) have decided (c) to go to picnic along with his students for the change (d) no error.(e)

17-She looks down upon everybody (a) and everything who (b) makes her retrospect (c)  of her past tragedy (d) no error.(e)

18-None (a) of these two girls (b) has watched(c) this movie before (d) no error.(e)

19-Each of (a) the four blockbuster movies (b) of Amir Khan (c) is worth watching (d) no error. (e)

20-Last night (a) I enjoyed a lot (b) with my friends (c) at the party (d) no error. (e)

Solutions

11. (e) No error.

12. (d) Replace ‘itself’ by ‘Themselves’ because ‘The board of directors’ are plural.

13. (a) It should be ‘you and I’ because the sentence is in the positive sense.

14. (d) ‘Your’ should be replaced by ‘yours’.

15. (c)Replace ‘Their’ by ‘His’ because two nouns that are joined with ‘each and every’ take singular verb and pronoun.

16. (d) Replace ‘His’ by ‘their’ because subject is the principal and the teacher.

17. (b) Replace ‘Who’ by ‘that’ because it is used for everybody and everything.

18. (a) Use ‘neither’ because ‘none’ is used for more than two persons or things.

19. (d) No error.

20. (b) Use ‘myself’ after ‘enjoy’ because it takes a reflexive pronoun if there is no object after it.

Questions

21-Seema is such an (a) intelligent and honest student (b) that we(c) expected (d) no error (e).

22-This is the boy (a) as met me some days ago and (b) won our sympathy(c) and affection at first sight (d) no error (e).

23-Any of the two (a) novels which describes (b) the real story of his childhood(c) is worth reading (d) no error (e)

24-Every of the five students (a) preparing for competitive (b) exams is accomplished (c) in mathematics (d) no error.(e)

25-Ramesh asked (a) for money to buy a new bike (b) but his father did (c) not give (d) no error.(e)

26-You and myself (a) will move heaven and earth (b) to get a prestigious job (c) in a renowned organization this year (d)no error.(e)

27-“They who are protesting (a) against SSC scam will not move from the CGO office (b) until they get the solution of their problems” said the(c) leader of the students (d) no error.(e)

28- I gave (a) all the Magazines to one of my friends that (b) I had bought (c) in Delhi (d) no error.(e)

29-The people (a) of Delhi are more (b) sedulous than(c) Lucknow (d) no error. (e)

30-There is none (a) who can stand by you (b) in this crucial moment(c)of your life (d)no error.(e)

Solutions

21. (c) Replace ‘that’ by ‘as’ because it has been used in the response of such.

22.  (b) Replace ‘as’ by ‘who’ because it has been used for ‘Boy’.

23. (a) Replace ‘Any’ by ‘Either’ because any is used for more than two persons or things.

24. (a) Replace ‘Every’ by ‘Everyone’ because every is an adjective and it needs a noun.

25. (a) Use ‘it’ after ‘give’ because give is a transitive verb and it always takes an object.

26. (a) Replace ‘myself’ by ‘I’ because myself is a reflexive pronoun and it can not be a subject.

27. (a) Replace ‘they’ by ‘those’.

28. (b) It should be ‘gave one of my friends all the magazines’ because that has been used for magazines.

29. (d) It should be ‘those of Lucknow’ because comparison is with ‘people’.

30. (b) Replace ‘who’ by ‘that’ because we use ‘that’ after these words – all, the same, none, the only, the little, the few.

Questions

31-This is the same (a) dog which met with an accident yesterday (b) but fortunately did not(c) get any serious injury (d) no error.(e)

32-Whomever (a) comes late will not be allowed (b) to sit for (c) the examination (d)no error.(e)

33-The only book (a) which I have written (b) is selling like a hot cake (c) now-a-days (d) no error. (e)

34- The colleges (a) affiliated with this university (b) are better than (c) that university (d) no error.(e)

35-He is one of (a) those who would much rather (b)sacrifice his life than turn (c) disloyal to the country (d)no error.(e)

36-The Doctor ordered (a) the peon to (b) let Seema (c) and I come in (d) no error.(e)

37-They also help the poor (a) who really sympathize (b) with them in the moments (c) of the distress (d)no error.(e)

38-The novel(a)I have written  (b)influences people more (c)than you have(d)no error.(e)

39-He was much (a) more delightful than me (b) to see the enchanting and captivating scene (c) of Kashmir (d) no error.(e)

40-The five sisters (a) are at draggers-drawn (b) so they feel it below their dignity(c) to talk to each other (d) no error.(e)

Solutions

31. (b) Replace ‘which’ by ‘that’ .for detailed explanation, see explanation 30.

32. (a) Replace ‘whomever’ by ‘whoever’ because it is the subject of the verb ‘comes’.

33. (b) Replace ‘which’ by ‘that’ for detailed explanation, see explanation 30.

34. (d) Use ‘those affiliated with that university’ because comparison is with colleges.

35. (c) Replace ‘his by their’ because it has been used for ‘those’.

36. (d) Replace ‘I’ by ‘me’ we use objective case of a pronoun after ‘ let, but, except and all prepositions.

37. (e) no error.

38. (d) Use ‘the one after than’ because comparison is with ‘Novel’.

39. (b) Replace ‘me' by ‘I' because comparison is with ‘he’ that is a subjective case.

40. (d) Replace ‘each other by one another because each other is used for two persons or things.

Questions

41- These problems (a) are not only yours (b) but they are(c) my also (d) no error.(e)

42-If anyone has (a) completed the test (b) she may (c) go home (d) no error.(e)

43-One should (a) be faithful and loyal to his (b) country in all(c) circumstances (d) no error.(e)

44-The boy (a) which was arrested (b) growled at the police inspector (c) who was taking him to prison (d)no error .(e)

45-Everybody (a) who was working in that office gave(b)a day’s pay as their contributions (c) to the dependents of Mr. Sonu who had died in harness(d)no error.(e)

46-She (a) as well as her husband (b)made many sacrifices (c) to give their children a good education (d)no error.(e)

47-Though he was (a) much less experienced(b) he thought that he knew better(c) than me (d)no error.(e)

48-I introduced him (a) to my friends (b) as the anchor (c) of the program (d) no error.(e)

49-The guests (a) whom we are talking about (b) have come are (c) my brothers-in-law (d) no error. (e)

50-The girls (a) whom we met (b) at the theatre(c) were beautiful and brilliant (d)no error.(e)

Solutions

41. (d) Use ‘mine’ because ‘my’ is a possessive adjective and It always requires a noun.

42. (c) Replace ‘She’ by ‘He’. When the gender is not clear, preference is given to the masculine gender.

43. (b) Replace ‘his’ by ‘one’s 

44. (b) Replace ‘which’ by ‘who’ because it has been used for ‘boy’.

45. (c) Replace ‘their’ by ‘his’ because it has been used for ‘everybody’

46. (d) Replace ‘their’ by ‘her’ according to ‘She’.

47. (d) Replace ‘me’ by ‘I’ because comparison is with ‘he’.

48. (e) No error.

49. (b) Replace ‘whom’ by ‘who’ because it becomes the subject of ‘have come’.

50. (b) Replace ‘whom’ by ‘who’ because it becomes the subject of ‘were’.

PRONOUN (PART -11)

                       

  Relative Pronouns

Words that are used to connect a clause or a phrase to a noun or pronoun, is called a relative pronoun.

Examples

1. Saif is my nephew. He is very intelligent.

2. Here is a book. I purchased the book yesterday.

Now join the above sentences with the help of relative pronouns.

1. Saif is my nephew who is very intelligent.

2. Here is a book that I bought yesterday.

Subjective case                     Objective case

Who                                       Whom (for persons)

Which                                   which (for things & animals)

That                                        That (for persons, things & animals)

What                                      What (for things)

Rule 1. The antecedent of a relative pronoun should be placed immediately before the  relative pronoun.

Examples

1. John is working in a company who is my bosom friend. (incorrect)

2. John is my bosom friend who is working in a company. (correct)

3. John who is working in a company, is my bosom friend. (correct)

4. A girl was walking on the road who was run down by a car. (incorrect)

5. A girl who was walking on the road, was run down by a car. (correct)

Note:-

 A word that is used before a relative pronoun in the form of a noun or pronoun is called an antecedent.

Rule 2. Where to use  “who and whom”?

Examples

1. This is the boy whom I came across on the road yesterday, is preparing for SSC and bank. (use- who)

2. This is the girl whom I met at the railway station is, a very good singer. (use- who)

3. This is the man who I talked over the phone some days ago. (use- whom)

4. These are the students who I have taught English. (use- whom)

Rule 3. Don’t use conjunction (but, and) before relative pronoun ‘who’.

Examples

1. Ragni is a very intelligent girl but who has landed a job. (drop- but)

2. This is the boy and who is impeding the process of our project. (drop- and)

Rule 4. The verb of a relative pronoun is used according to its antecedent.

1. There are twenty five boys who has been selected. (use- have)

2. It is I who is singing a song. (use- am)

3. Kalidas is one of the poets who is famous all over the world. (use- are)

4. Shakespeare is only one of the writers who have written 154 sonnets. (use- has)

Note:-

Meaning of the last sentence- there are many writers but only Shakespeare has written 154 sonnets.

Rule 5. The antecedent of a relative pronoun should not be in the possessive case.

Examples

1. People like reading Shakespeare’s novel who is a great novelist of London. (incorrect)

2. People like reading the novel of Shakespeare who is a great novelist of London. (correct)

1. People like reading Shakespeare’s novel which is very interesting. (correct)

Rule 6. In the following cases we use relative pronoun only that (not who, which, whom)

1. After the superlative degree of an adjective.

Examples

1. He was the most eloquent speaker whom I ever heard. (use- that)

2. The wisest man who ever lived made mistakes. (use- that)

2. After these words. 

All, the same, none, nothing, the only, any, anybody, nobody, the little, the few.

Examples

1. All which glitters is not gold. (use- that)

2. Man is the only animal who can talk. (use- that)

3. The little knowledge which you have in the field of English grammar is enough to crack any exam. (use- that)

4. She gave me everything which she had. (use- that)

Note:-

 Both who and that can be used for all if all comes for persons.

Examples

1. All who/that are preparing for competitive exams can read this book. (Both are correct)

3. After the interrogative pronoun. (who, what)

Examples

1. What is in the world which is impossible for God? (use- that)

2. Who that met him did not compliment him on his good dress sense?

4. After a pair of antecedents, one denoting a person and the other denoting a thing or animal.

Examples

1. The boy and his dog that were going for walk did not come back home.( Correct)

Rule 7. Which is generally used for things or animals.

Examples

1. This is the house which I bought yesterday.

2. This is the dog which is mine.

Note

 Which can also be used for persons in the case of choice.

Examples

1. Only I know which of the two boys is more intelligent.

2. She knows which of her children is hungry.

Rule 8. ‘Whose and which of’ are used to show possession.

Examples

1. This is the boy whose name is Hatim.

2. This is the car whose colour is red.

3. A building whose windows are painted, looks beautiful.

4. A building of which windows are painted, looks beautiful.

   Compound Relative Pronoun

We use ‘ever’ or ‘soever’ in the relative pronoun to make compound relative pronoun.

Whoever, whosoever, 

whomever, whomsoever, 

whichever, whichsoever,

 

whatever, whatsoever.

Rule 1. Don’t use any antecedent before compound relative pronoun.

Examples

1. She bought the things whatever she liked. (drop- the things)

2. I shall invite everyone whomever I want. (drop- everyone)

3. Whoever wants can come to my birthday party. (Correct)

      Interrogative Pronoun

Words that are used to ask question are called relative pronoun.

Who, whom, what, which, whose.

Rule 1. Who is used to find out subject.

Example

1. Who has stolen my pen?

Rule 2. Whom is used to find out object.

1. Whom did you met yesterday?

Rule 3. Whose is used to find out owner.

Example

1. Whose is this book?

Rule 4. Which is used for choice or selection.

Examples

1. Which is your car?

2. Which of these cars do you like most?

Rule 5. What is used for things only.

Examples

1. What do you want?

2. What is your name?

Note:-

 In such sentences as what are you? What is she? The word what does not refer to person but to his profession or employment.

PRONOUN (PART -10)

        Reciprocal Pronoun

They are used to show a mutual relation .

1- Each other 

2- One other

1. Each other:- It is used for two persons or things.

2. One another:- It is used for more than two persons or things.

Examples

1. John and Peter are talking to  one another. (use- each other)

2. Five boys are talking to each other. (use one other)

3. They are fighting with each other/one other.

(both are correct)

See some more examples-

4. John and Peter are very good friends, they don’t quarrel with one another. (use- each other)

5. John, Peter and Lucy are friends, they do not fight with each other. (use- one another)

         Distributive pronouns

Each, everyone, either, neither.

Rule 1. Either means anyone from the two, while Neither means none from the two.

Examples

1. Either of the three students can solve this question. (use- two)

2. Neither of my friends has completed his assignment. (Correct)

Rule 2. Each is used for two or more than two, while Everyone is used only for more than two.

Examples

 1. Each of the students has applied for the post.(correct)

2. Everyone of the two girls knows how to sing a song. (use- each)

 3. Everyone of the ten dancer has participated in the music competition. (use- dancers)

Rule 3. Anyone or one means-  one from more than two, while no one or none means-  no one from more than two.

 1. Neither of the three boys is innocent. ( use- none or no one)

2. Either of the five boys is intelligent. (use- anyone or one )

3. Neither/none of the boys is active. ( Both are correct)

4. Either/one of them always speaks the truth. ( Both are correct)

Note- In 3rd and 4th sentences both are correct as number is not definite.

       Demonstrative Pronouns

They are used to point out a noun or pronoun.

This, that, these, those, such, the same.

Rule 1. This and that both are used for singular but this is for closer object and That is for distant object.

 Examples

1. This is a very sweet mango.

2. That is a very expensive pen.

Rule 2. These and those both are used for plural but these is for closer objects and those is for distant objects.

Examples

1. These are very sweet mangoes.

2. Those are very expensive pens.

Rule 3. That and those are also  used to avoid the repetition of a noun.

Examples

1. The map of Lucknow is more attractive than that of Delhi. (don’t use the map of Delhi)

2.The students of Lucknow are more industrious than those of Delhi.

3. I disturbed you but such was not my intention.

4. Both pens are good but this is better than that.

Rule 4. One and ones are also used to avoid the repetition of nouns.

Examples

1. These are new I phones but those are old ones.

2. This book is on a new pattern but that is an on old one.

              Indefinite Pronouns

Rule 1. One, anyone, someone, no one, anybody, somebody, nobody, anybody, anything, something, nothing, everything, another, much, little +………………..V. (S.)

Examples

1. Something are better than nothing. (use- is)

2. Someone have absconded with the cash from the safe. (use- has)

Rule 2. 

Many/others/few/both+……..V. (P)

Many/others/few/both of+ N.(P.)……..V (P)

Examples

1. Most of the students were present in the class yesterday but a few were absent.

1. Most of the students were present in the class yesterday but a few of them were absent.

Note- 

We make use of an indefinite pronoun and gender is not clear, preference is given to the masculine gender (he, him, his) in the use of pronouns.

Examples

1. Everybody is free to whatever she wants. (use- he)

2. Anyone can qualify the exam if she tries. (use- he)

3. One of them has got her score card. (use-his)

Rule 3.

▪️ We use plural noun and verb after all and some if they are used for countable nouns

▪️ We singular noun and verb after all and some if they are used for uncountable noun.

 

Examples

1. She has taken all the milk but some are left. (use- is) 

2. The station was piling up with a lot of people and all was waiting for the train. (use- were)

PRONOUN (part-9)

                  

               

Pronoun

Definition

A word that is used in the place of a noun, called a pronoun.

1. Zaid is a student of arts, he is my friend.

2. Zaid and Saleem are friends, They are studying in the same class.

Note-

In the first sentence ‘he’ has been used for ‘Zaid’ while in the second sentence ‘They’ has been used for ‘Zaid and Saleem’ to avoid the repetition of nouns.

  Types of Pronoun

1. Personal pronoun:- Pronouns that are used for three persons.

I, me, we, us, you, he, him, she, her, they, them, it.

2. Possessive pronoun:- Pronouns that show possession.

Mine, yours, ours, his, hers, theirs, its.

3. Reciprocal pronoun:- Pronouns that show mutual relations.

Each other, one another.

4.Reflexive pronoun:- Myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, themselves, itself.

5. Relative pronouns:- Words that are used for nouns to describe function relating to.

Who, whom, that, which, whose.

6. Indefinite pronouns:- Words that are used for nouns in vague or general meaning.

Everybody, somebody, nobody, anybody, everyone, someone, no one, anyone, something, nothing, anything, everything, all, some, both, another.

7. Interrogative pronouns:- Words that are used to ask questions.

Who, whom, whose, which, what.

8. Emphatic pronouns:- All reflexive pronouns become emphatic pronouns when they are used to emphasize the subject.

Myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, themselves, itself.

9. Demonstrative pronouns:- Pronouns that are used to point out soothing /somebody.

This, that, these, those, Such, the same.

10. Distributive pronouns:- Words that are used for individuals and objects referring to persons or things, one at a time.

Each, Everyone, Either, Neither.