Definite Article
Rule:-1. Articles can’t be used before the names of a person or place.
Examples
1. Saif is an intelligent boy.
2. Lucknow is the capital of India.
Note:- Articles can be used before the name of a person/place in case of comparison or when they are not known to the speaker.
Examples
1. Prem Chandra is the Shakespeare of India. (comparison)
2. Chandra Gupta is the Napoleon of India. (comparison)
3. A Saif is waiting for you at the gate. (Saif is not known to the speaker)
4. Hyderabad is the Manchester of India. (comparison)
Explanation:- In the above sentences Shakespeare, Napoleon, Saif, Manchester are used as common nouns.
Rule:-2. ‘The’ doesn’t come before the name of any state except Punjab.
Example
1. Chandigarh is the capital of the Punjab and Haryana.
Rule:-3. ‘The’ can’t be used before the names of countries.
Example
1. The India won freedom in 1947. (drop ‘the’)
Exception:- The Ukraine, The Great Britain, The Netherland, The Hague.
Note:- If Union, United, Republic and Kingdom come with the names of the countries, the is used .
Examples
The U.S.A. , The U.S.S.R. , The Soviet Union, The Irish Republic.
Rule:-4. Definite article ‘The’ is used in the following cases.
Examples
1-Before the superlative degree.
(a)Alexander was the greatest of all kings.
(b)This is the most expensive novel that I ever bought.
2-Before comparative degree in case of a choice.
Example
a-She is the more beautiful of the two sisters.
3-Before an adverb with a comparative sense.
Examples
a-The higher you go, the cooler it becomes.
b-The more you practice, the better you become.
4- Before an adjective when it represents a class of persons.
Examples
a-The poor prefer camping to staying in hotels.
b-The old should be respected by the young.
5-Before ordinals.
Examples
a-The first two chapters of this book have been written carelessly .
b-He answered the first question willingly, the second reluctantly and the third with resentment.
6-Before physical position.
Examples
a-There was a temple on the top of the mountain.
b-The temple stands in the centre of the market.
7-Before directions.
Examples
a- Many buildings in the West of the city are set on fire.
b-The sun rises in the East.
Before some proper nouns
A-Oceans-
The Pacific ocean, the Indian ocean, the Atlantic ocean,
B-Seas-
The Red sea, The Dead sea, The Arabian sea, The Mediterranean sea,
The Caspian sea, The Black sea,
C-Rivers-
The Ganga, The Thames, The Niles, The Indus, The Yamuna, The Amazon
D-Canals-
The Suez canal, The Panama canal, The Sharda canal, The Manchester canal, The Albert canal etc.
E-Deserts- The Sahara desert, The desert, The Arabian desert, The Kalahari desert etc.
F-Group of islands-
The Andmans, The Nicobars, The West indies, The East indies.
8-Religious books-
Examplez
The Gita, The Ramayana, The Mahabharata, The Bible, the Holy Quran.
9-Unique entities-
Examples
The Sun, The Moon, The Earth, The sky, The Equator, The World, The Universe etc.
10-Historical Buildings-
Examples
The Taj Mahal, The Red fort, The Qutub Minor, The Pyramids, The Golghar, The Jama Masjid, The Panch Mahal.
11. Mountain Ranges-
Examples
The Himalayas, The Alps.
12. Nationalities-
Examples
The English, The French, The Indians.
13. Bays/Gulfs-
Examples
The Bay of Bengal, The bay of China, The Gulf of Mexico .
Exception- Hudson bay
14. News Papers-
Examples
The Hindu, The Times of India, The Indian Express.
15. Movements-
Example
The Quit India movement.
16. Names of airways/ trains-
Examples
The Jet Airways, The Lucknow Mail, The Rajdhani Express.
17. Names of Political Parties-
Examples
The BJP, The Congress, The BSP.
18. Musical Instruments-
Examples
The flute, The Violin, The Guitar.
19. Dates-
Example
The 26th of Jan.
20. Army/Police-
Examples
The Army, The police.
21. Planets-
Examples
The Venus, The Mercury.
22. Names of Hotels-
Examples
The Taj Hotel, The Ashoka Hotel.
23. Trophies/ Clubs-
Examples
The World Cup, The lion club,
24. Designation-
Examples
The President, The Chairman, The Headmaster.
25- Before titles-
Examples
Akbar the great, Aurangzeb the austere, Napoleon the warrior.
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